Atoms, Properties, Reactions
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6th grade
-Atoms and Elements
-Molecules
-Physical Properties and Changes
8th grade
-Chemical Changes: Bonding and Reactions
Don't forget to study how the atomic numbers of elements in the table (the number of protons) increase left to right and then down to the next line (as you read) in the periodic table! Each reading row is a "period," and each stack (column) is a "family" or "group." Remember that columns/families/groups show elements with similar characteristics. By the way, do you know the symbol for potassium? What about sodium, copper, iron, gold and silver? They are weird ones, and you'll need to know them. They are not easy like B for boron, or H for hydrogen.
___________________________________________________________________Atoms and Elements
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Physical Properties and Changes
8th Grade Topics: Chemical Changes - Bonding and Reactions
Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction:
The reaction between baking soda and vinegar actually occurs in two steps, but the overall process can be summarized by the following word equation:
baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) plus vinegar (acetic acid) yields carbon dioxide plus water plus sodium ion plus acetate ion
The chemical equation for the overall reaction is:
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)
with s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, aq = aqueous or in water solution
The carbon dioxide escapes the solution as bubbles. The bubbles are heavier than air, so the carbon dioxide collects at the surface of the container or overflows it. A dilute sodium acetate solution remains after the reaction.
Source (accessed 10/16/14): http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalreactions/f/What-Is-The-Equation-For-The-Reaction-Between-Baking-Soda-And-Vinegar.htm
The reaction between baking soda and vinegar actually occurs in two steps, but the overall process can be summarized by the following word equation:
baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) plus vinegar (acetic acid) yields carbon dioxide plus water plus sodium ion plus acetate ion
The chemical equation for the overall reaction is:
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)
with s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, aq = aqueous or in water solution
The carbon dioxide escapes the solution as bubbles. The bubbles are heavier than air, so the carbon dioxide collects at the surface of the container or overflows it. A dilute sodium acetate solution remains after the reaction.
Source (accessed 10/16/14): http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalreactions/f/What-Is-The-Equation-For-The-Reaction-Between-Baking-Soda-And-Vinegar.htm